The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was one of the most controversial conflicts of the 20th century, and its historical record was indeed influenced by different political positions. There were significant differences in the narratives of the two sides of the civil war (republican and nationalist) and their supporters in the decades after the war, especially during the Franco regime (1939-1975), the official historical writing was dominated by the nationalist camp, suppressing the Republican perspective. Here are some key points： 1. **Historical narrative of the Franco regime** After Franco's victory, his regime used censorship, education system, and propaganda tools to portray the civil war as a “war of national salvation against the threat of communism and atheism.” At the same time, it downplayed or denied the suppression of Republican supporters (such as mass killings, concentration camps, etc.). File access is restricted, and many records have been destroyed or tampered with. 2. **Republican and left-wing perspectives** Exiles and left-wing scholars have recorded the atrocities of the nationalist camp overseas (such as the bombing of Guernica and the persecution of civilians), but these voices have long been marginalized in Spain. It was not until after the democratic transition in 1975 that these narratives gradually entered mainstream academic discussion. 3. **Amendments after the democratic transition** After 1975, in order to maintain social reconciliation, Spain adopted the “Compact of Forgetting” to avoid in-depth accountability for the civil war, which led to part of the historical truth being shelved. It was not until the 2000s that efforts such as the "Historical Memory Law" (2007) began to openly discuss the crimes of the Franco period, but this process was still opposed by right-wing political parties. 4. **The role of academia** International and local Spanish historians have gradually corrected their prejudices through archival research (such as military archives opened in recent years), but disputes persist. For example, there are still different interpretations of the statistics of the number of deaths and the impact of international intervention (such as the Soviet Union's support for the Republicans and the Nazis' support for Franco). **Conclusion**: The historical record of the Spanish Civil War has long been influenced by political positions, but academic research and social movements in recent decades are promoting a more balanced narrative. However, since the memory of the civil war is still closely related to contemporary political identity, a completely “neutral” narrative may be difficult to achieve. For researchers, it is essential to cross-compare multiple sources (such as international archives and eyewitness testimony).