The design of a biochemical agent that maintains effectiveness and stability under a wide range of climatic conditions requires comprehensive consideration of molecular structure, environmental adaptability, protection mechanism and production process. The following are the step-by-step design ideas and key technical points： --- ### **1. Goal definition and demand analysis** -**Core requirements**: Maintain activity under extreme temperature (-20°C to 50°C), humidity (dry to humid), ultraviolet radiation and other conditions. -**Application scenarios**: Agriculture (such as pesticides), medical (such as vaccines), industry (such as enzyme preparations) or military use (such as biodegradable agents). --- ### **2. Molecular design and optimization** ####**(1) Selection of active ingredients** -**Natural molecular transformation**: Select naturally occurring stable molecules (such as high temperature resistant enzymes and extreme microbial metabolites) as the basis. -**Synthetic biology**: Genetically engineering microorganisms to produce proteins or polypeptides with enhanced stability (for example, the introduction of disulfide bonds to enhance thermal stability). ####**(2)Structural strengthening** -**Chemical modification**： -**Glycosylation/PEGylation (PEGylation)**: Increases hydrophilicity and reduces denaturation caused by temperature fluctuations. -**Cyclization or crosslinking**: Reduce the risk of hydrolysis through intramolecular crosslinking (such as cyclic peptides). -**Nanocarriers**: Encapsulate active molecules in liposomes and polymer nano-particles to provide physical protection. --- ### **3. Formula and protection system** ####**(1) Buffer system** -**pH stabilizer**: Use phosphate, Tris buffer, etc. to adapt to the range of pH 5-9. -**Anti-freeze/anti-desiccant**： -Glycerin and trehalose (protect the structure of cell membranes and proteins when freezing, thawing or drying). -Polyols (such as sorbitol) reduce water activity and inhibit hydrolysis. ####**(2) Anti-oxidation and anti-radiation** -**Free radical scavengers**: Add vitamin E, glutathione or synthetic antioxidants. -**Ultraviolet absorbers**: Such as titanium dioxide nano-coatings or benzotriazole compounds. --- ### **4. Delivery and controlled release technology** -**microencapsulation**： -Use chitosan, polylactic acid-hydroxyacetic acid (PLGA) and other materials to achieve sustained-release and targeted release. -Environmentally responsive materials (such as temperature/pH sensitive hydrogels). -**Solid dosage form**: Freeze-dried powder (to improve long-term storage stability, it needs to be used after re-dissolution). --- ### **5. Stability testing and optimization** -**Accelerated aging experiment**: Long-term storage is simulated by high temperature and humidity (such as 40°C/75%RH). -**Extreme condition verification**： -**Low temperature**: Repeated freeze-thaw test at -20°C. -**High temperature**: Monitor the activity attenuation rate at 50°C. -**Light**: UV irradiation evaluates light stability. -**Data analysis**: Establish a degradation dynamics model (such as the Alenius equation) to predict the validity period. --- ### **6. Production process and scale-up** -**Low-temperature processing**: Avoid denaturation caused by high-temperature steps (such as freeze-drying, low-temperature spray-drying). -**Sterile packaging**: Prevent microbial contamination (especially for medical purposes). --- ### **7. Case reference** - **Agricultural application**: Bt insecticidal protein (enhanced weather resistance through genetic modification, supplemented by UV protective agent). -**Medical applications**: mRNA vaccines (lipid nano-particles protect nucleic acids, freeze-drying technology extends shelf life). --- ### **8. Potential challenges and solutions** -**Cost control**: Optimize the expression system (such as E. coli replacing mammalian cells). -**Ecological safety**: Design biodegradable carriers (such as PLGA) to avoid environmental residues. --- ###**Summary** Through the collaborative design of molecular engineering, formulation optimization and delivery technology, combined with strict stability verification, biochemical agents adapted to multiple climatic conditions can be developed. The final plan needs to be customized and adjusted according to the specific purpose (such as whether it requires biodegradable, quick-acting or sustained-release).