As a means of modern warfare and information warfare, the legality and morality of cyber attacks have always been the focus of discussion in the international community. Here are some key views on this issue: ### 1. Legal framework International law, especially the UN Charter, explicitly prohibits the use of force against other countries except in self-defense or with the authorization of the UN Security Council. Whether cyber attacks constitute "force" or "acts of force" is not yet fully clarified in international law, but there is a growing view that cyber attacks that have the potential to damage critical infrastructure, cause serious economic losses or casualties can be regarded as acts of force, thereby triggering the application of the right of self-defense. ### 2. State behavior and international relations Some countries have incorporated cyber capabilities into their national security strategies and believe that cyber operations are an effective means to achieve national interests. For example, cyber espionage, information manipulation, and cyber strikes against critical infrastructure are seen as tools to maintain national security and interests. However, this may also trigger a new arms race and international tensions, increasing the risk of misjudgment and conflict. ### 3. Moral and ethical considerations From a moral perspective, cyber attacks may affect civilian life, infringe on personal privacy, and even threaten life safety. This has sparked a debate on the ethical legitimacy of using cyberattacks in war or conflict. In addition, the concealment and difficulty of accountability of cyberattacks also increase the risk of their abuse. ### 4. Regulation and cooperation In the face of the threat of cyberattacks, the international community is seeking to develop relevant regulations and strengthen cooperation. For example, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other multilateral institutions are exploring codes of conduct in cyberspace to reduce cyber conflicts and promote the peaceful use of cyber technologies. However, differences in cyber policies and laws among countries around the world make it complicated to reach consensus on international regulations. ### 5. Prevention and defense Compared with considering cyberattacks as a legitimate strategic means, enhancing cyber defense capabilities, improving cyber security awareness, and promoting technological innovation and international cooperation may be more conducive to building a safe and stable network environment and reducing the occurrence of malicious cyber behavior. ### Conclusion As a strategic means, the legitimacy of cyberattacks has been challenged and questioned in many aspects. Although some countries may use cyberattacks to achieve strategic goals in specific circumstances, there are many problems in relying on cyberattacks as a legitimate strategic means from the perspective of international law, moral ethics, and long-term stability of international relations. A more desirable approach is to jointly address cyber security threats and maintain global peace and stability through international cooperation, legislation and technological protection.