The government does face complex challenges in balancing the privacy protection of citizens with the cyber security of special groups, but it is obviously unreasonable to ignore the hidden cyber security risks of children, the elderly and other groups. This problem needs to be comprehensively dealt with from multiple dimensions such as law, technology, and social co-governance. The following is a specific analysis.： ###1. The nature of the conflict between privacy protection and the security of special groups The right to privacy is a basic human right, but the cyber security of special groups has particularities.： 1. **Children**: Their cognitive abilities are immature and they are susceptible to cyberbullying, pornography, and excessive consumption; although the "Law on the Protection of Minors" provides for a special chapter on "Internet protection", there are still loopholes in identity fraud in systems such as game anti-addiction. 2. **The elderly**: According to data from the Ministry of Public Security in 2022, people over the age of 50 accounted for 63% of the victims of telecommunications fraud. Insufficient digital literacy has led to the dual dilemma of privacy protection and risk identification. 3. **People with disabilities**: Visually impaired people rely on screen reading software, but some privacy encryption measures may block access to assistive technologies, forming a paradox of information accessibility. ###2. The three shortcomings of the existing governance system 1. **Insufficient granularity of law enforcement** Article 28 of the "Personal Information Protection Law" classifies children's information as sensitive information, but does not distinguish between the protection standards of different stages such as 0-3 years old, school-age children, and adolescents. The European Union's "General Data Protection Regulation" requires the implementation of a "verifiable guardian consent" mechanism for children under the age of 13. Simple age checks are generally used on platforms in our country, which is easy to bypass. 2. **There is a paradox in technical protection** Encrypted communication protects privacy while making it impossible for parents to monitor children's chat history (for example, WeChat youth mode only restricts the payment function); home cameras commonly used by the elderly leak privacy due to weak passwords, but forcing complex passwords makes it difficult to use. 3. **Social support network fault** According to a 2023 survey by the Ministry of Education, 76% of rural schools are not equipped with full-time cybersecurity teachers; digital training for the elderly in the community mostly stays in scan code payment teaching, and there is a lack of risk identification courses. Japan's "Internet Peace of Mind Charter" requires telecom operators to automatically activate fraudulent phone filtering services for users over the age of 65, which is worth learning from. ###3. Improvement path of refined governance 1. **Hierarchical classification protection mechanism** Establish a database of children's online behavior (such as the British "Age-appropriate Design Specifications"), disable data collection for children under 6 years old, prohibit personalized recommendations for children under 12 years old, and restrict the length of night visits for children under 16 years old. "Digital competence certification" is implemented for the elderly, and only those who pass the basic examination can activate the large payment function. 2. **Privacy enhanced security technology** Develop an aging-friendly AI assistant that complies with the ISO/IEC 30135 standard to complete the identification of fraudulent speech locally without uploading to the cloud; promote the "two-way encryption" scheme for children's devices, allowing parents to decrypt but prohibiting platform data retention. 3. **Build a social protection chain** Incorporate cybersecurity education into compulsory courses for early childhood teachers, and establish a "silver-haired digital counselor" system in the community (refer to the pilot in Changning District, Shanghai), requiring financial institutions to implement a 24-hour cooling-off period for transfers of funds by the elderly. At the same time, a network security whitelist for special groups is established to allow moderate monitoring and intervention in specific scenarios. ###4. Balance principle and implementation boundary We need to be wary of excessive monitoring in the name of protection, and all measures must comply with： -**Minimum necessary principle**: Location tracking for the elderly is only for patients with dementia to wear equipment -**Principle of transparency**: Child monitoring software needs to clearly inform the monitored content -**Right to withdraw guarantee**: Young people over the age of 14 can apply to turn off parental monitoring of learning apps At present, Shenzhen has piloted a "digital guardian" system in some schools, and the dynamic balance between parents' right to know and children's privacy rights has been confirmed through BLOCKCHAIN technology. This practice of embedding the protection of special groups into the privacy computing framework may provide new ideas for cracking the zero-sum game of "privacy VS. security". The ultimate goal should be to build an inclusive digital ecosystem, so that privacy protection becomes the basis for all groups to access the Internet safely, not the opposite.