The country's policy changes in international affairs are affected by a variety of factors, including both domestic and international factors. The following are some of the main influencing factors： ### 1. **Domestic political factors** -**Change of government**: The rise of different political parties or leaders to power may bring about changes in policy direction, especially in foreign policy. -**Public opinion**: The attitudes and emotions of the domestic people towards a certain international affairs may affect the government's decision-making. -**Interest groups**: Domestic companies, non-governmental organizations, the military and other interest groups may influence policies through lobbying or other means. -**Economic situation**: A country's economic situation (such as economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation, etc.) may affect its choice of foreign policy. ### 2. **International environmental factors** -**Pattern of international relations**: Changes in global or regional power structure (such as the rise of major powers and the reorganization of alliances) will affect national policy adjustments. -**International organizations and treaties**: Countries' commitments and obligations in international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization may constrain their policy choices. -**Security threats**: Security threats from other countries or non-state actors (such as terrorist organizations) may prompt countries to adjust their policies. -**Economic globalization**: Fluctuations in international trade, investment and financial markets may affect the country's foreign economic policies. ### 3. **Strategic and benefit considerations** -**National interests**: The country's core interests in security, economy, territory, etc. are the fundamental starting point for policy formulation. -**Geopolitical**: Geographical location and surrounding environment (such as the policies of neighboring countries, regional conflicts) will have an important impact on national policies. -**Alliance relations**: The relationship with allies (such as NATO, the Five Eyes Alliance, etc.) may affect the country's position in international affairs. ### 4. **Ideology and values** -**Political ideology**: A country's political system (such as democracy, authoritarianism) and ideology (such as liberalism, nationalism) will affect its foreign policy. -**Culture and tradition**: History, cultural traditions, and national identity may shape the country's behavior in international affairs. ### 5. **Emergencies and crises** -**Natural disasters**: Major natural disasters may force countries to adjust their foreign policies and give priority to domestic crises. -**International crises**: Emergencies such as wars, terrorist attacks, epidemics, etc. may prompt countries to change their policies quickly. ### 6. **Technology and information factors** -**Scientific and technological progress**: Emerging technologies (such as artificial intelligence and cyberwarfare) may change the country's diplomatic and military strategies. -**Information dissemination**: Social media and international media reports may affect public opinion and thus policy formulation. ### 7. **History and experience** -**Historical lessons**: A country's historical experience in handling international affairs (such as wars and diplomatic failures) may affect its future policy choices. -**Path dependence**: The inertia of past policies may cause countries to continue old policies when facing new problems. ### 8. **International law and norms** -**Constraints of international law**: A state's obligations under the framework of international law may limit its policy choices. -**International norms**: Norms generally accepted by the international community (such as human rights and environmental protection) may affect national policy formulation. ### 9. **Multilateral and bilateral relations** -**Multilateral cooperation**: Participating in multilateral mechanisms (such as G20, APEC) may prompt countries to adjust their policies to reach consensus. -**Bilateral relations**: Relations with specific countries (such as Sino-US relations, Russian-European relations) may have a direct impact on national policies. ### 10. **Personal factors of leaders** -**Leader's personality and preferences**: The leader's personal experience, values, and decision-making style may affect the direction of policy. -**The quality of the diplomatic team**: The ability and experience of the diplomatic team will also have an important impact on policy formulation. In short, the policy change of a country in international affairs is a complex process, which is affected by the combination of many factors. Policymakers need to weigh various interests and constraints in order to maximize national interests.